Relationship between structures of substituted indolic compounds and their degradation by marine anaerobic microorganisms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gu JD  Fan Y  Shi H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):379-384

Degradation of selected indolic compounds including indole, 1-methylindole, 2-methylindole, and 3-methylindole was assessed under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions using the serum-bottle anaerobic technique and marine sediment from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong as an inoculum. Our results showed that indole degradation was achieved in 28 days by a methanogenic consortium and 35 days by a sulfate-reducing consortium. During degradation under both conditions, two intermediates were isolated, purified and identified as oxindole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) suggesting that both methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria use an identical degradation pathway. Degradation processes followed two steps of oxidation accomplished by hydroxylation and then dehydrogenation at 2- and then 3-position sequentially prior to the cleavage of the pyrrole ring between 2- and 3-positions. However, none of 1-methylindole or 2-methylindole was degraded under any conditions. 3-Methylindole (3-methyl-1H-indole, skatole) was transformed under methanogenic conditions and mineralized only under sulfate-reducing conditions. It is clear that methyl substitution on 1- or 2-position inhibits the initial attack by hydroxylation enzymes making them more persistent in the environment and posing longer toxic impact.  相似文献   

An Algorithm for the Determination of All Significant Pathways in Chemical Reaction Systems     

Ralph Lehmann 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,47(1):45-78

When the output of a complex chemical model is analysed, a typical topic isthe determination of pathways, i.e., reaction sequences, that produce ordestroy a chemical species of interest.A representative example is the investigation of catalytic ozone destruction cycles in the stratosphere.An algorithm for the automatic determination of pathways in any given reactionsystem is presented. Under the assumption that reaction rates are known, it finds all significant pathways, i.e., all pathways with a rate above a prescribed threshold.The algorithm forms pathways step by step, starting from single reactions.The chemical species in the system are consecutively considered as `branching points'.For every branching-point species, each pathway producing it is connected witheach pathway consuming it.Rates proportional to `branching probabilities' are calculated.Pathways with a rate that is smaller than a prescribed threshold arediscarded.If a newly formed pathway contains sub-pathways, e.g., null cycles, it is split into these simpler pathways.In order to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, it has been applied to the determination of catalytic ozone destruction cycles and methaneoxidation pathways in the stratosphere.  相似文献   

Gas-Phase Formation of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: A Retrosynthetic Analysis     

Betty K. Pun  Christian Seigneur  Daniel Grosjean  Pradeep Saxena 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,35(2):199-223

Atmospheric particles contain a myriad of organiccompounds, including many multifunctional,water-soluble organic compounds. Many of thesecompounds are postulated to be secondary of origin. This work investigates the possible precursors ofseveral classes of multifunctional, water-solublesecondary organic compounds by analyzing the pathwaysleading to their formation, based on known gas-phasereactions. The analysis is termed `retrosynthetic'due to the backward direction of the analysis, fromproducts to precursors. Pathways for multi-functionalcompounds were generated combinatorially, consideringthe formation of one functional group at a time.Many multifunctional organic compounds with carboxylicacid, carbonyl, and hydroxy functional groups werefound to be first- or second-generation products ofcommon anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organiccompounds such as alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, andcyclic alkenes. The estimated yields of water-solubleorganic compounds from primary precursors ranged fromless than 1% to over 10%, based on stoichiometricconsiderations. The SOA formation index, whichcombines the concepts of yields and rates, was used tocompare the feasibility of the retrosyntheticpathways. Many of the candidate pathways involve theisomerization reaction of alkoxy radicals andoxygenated intermediate products such asmonocarboxylic acids and hydroxyaldehydes.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地轮南地区油气运移的路径、期次及方向研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

周凤英  孙玉善等 《地质论评》2001,47(3):329-335

本文通过对塔里木盆地轮南地区及附近的钻井（出油井和未出油井）中揭示的裂缝，裂缝与成岩序列的穿插关系，连通砂体及断层和不整合面附近的矿物及矿物中流体包裹体研究，对塔里木盆地轮南地区油气运移路径和期次进行了探讨。通过研究指出了塔里木盆地轮南地区主要经历了3期大规模的油气运聚，地层之间的不整合面为油气横向运移的主要通道。高角度的裂隙及微裂缝为纵向运移主要通道。第一期油气运聚主要发生于海西期，第二期油气运聚主要发生在14－17Ma；第3期油气运聚主要发生在最近的5Ma以来。第一期油气运聚主要为自塔北隆起的西南，南向北，以横向运移为主；第二，第三期运聚主要自西南，南向北，自东向西运移，但主要以垂向运移为主。  相似文献   

油气成藏机理研究进展和前沿研究领域   总被引：23，自引：7，他引：23  

郝芳  邹华耀  王敏芳  杨旭升 《地质科技情报》2002,21(4):7-14

随着地质工作者刻划和认识地下地质体构成、结构的能力及研究和预测沉积盆地能量场（温度场、压力场和应力场）及其演化能力的不断提高，以流体流动和油气运移为核心的油气成藏机理研究取得了重要进展：（1）证实了油气的优势通道运移并妆步提示了优势运移通道的微观和宏观控制机制，从而使基于油气运移路径三维预测的油气藏定位预测成为可能；（2）证实了幕式快速成藏过程并初步揭示了幕式成藏的驱动机制、有利场所和地球化学识别标志，突破了油气成藏是一个缓慢渗流过程的传统模式；（3）深盆气勘探和成藏机理研究取得了进展，从而突破了背斜成藏的传统观念，使“向斜”（盆地凹陷区）成为一些盆地寻找大型天然气藏的重要场所。沉积盆地深层油气成藏过程和保存条件、活动构造背景下油气晚期快速成藏过程是油气成藏机理研究的重要前沿研究领域。  相似文献   

Model Evidence for Interdecadal Pathway Changes in the Subtropics and Tropics of the South Pacific Ocean     

ZHANG Rong-Hu  WANG Zhanggui 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):1-9

Numerical simulations using a version of the GFDL/NOAA Modular Ocean Model(MOM 3) are analyzed to demonstrate interdecadal pathway changes from the subtropics to the tropics in the South Pacific Ocean.After the 1976-77 climate shift,the subtropical gyre of the South Pacific underwent significant changes,characterized by a slowing down in its circulation and a southward displacement of its center by about 5-10 latitude on the western side.The associated circulation altered its flow path in the northwestern part of the subtropical gyre,changing from a direct pathway connecting the subtropics to the tropics before the shift to a more zonal one after.This effectively prevented some subtropical waters from directly entering into the western equatorial Pacific.Since waters transported onto the equator around the subtropical gyre are saline and warm,such changes in the direct pathway and the associated reduction in equatorward exchange from the subtropics to the tropics affected water mass properties downstream in the western equatorial Pacific,causing persisted freshening and cooling of subsurface water as observed after the late 1970s.Previously,changes in gyre strength and advection of temperature anomalies have been invoked as mechanisms for linking the subtropics and tropics on interdecadal time scales.Here we present an additional hypothesis in which geographic shifts in the gyre structure and location(a pathway change) could play a similar role.  相似文献   

Remote effects of tropical cyclone wind forcing over the western Pacific on the eastern equatorial ocean     

张荣华  裴玉华  陈大可 《大气科学进展》2013,30(6):1507-1525

An ocean general circulation model （OGCM） is used to demonstrate remote effects of tropical cyclone wind （TCW） forcing in the tropical Pacific. The signature of TCW forcing is explicitly extracted using a locally weighted quadratic least=squares regression （called as LOESS） method from six-hour satellite surface wind data; the extracted TCW component can then be additionally taken into account or not in ocean modeling, allowing isolation of its effects on the ocean in a clean and clear way. In this paper, seasonally varying TCW fields in year 2008 are extracted from satellite data which are prescribed as a repeated annual cycle over the western Pacific regions off the equator （poleward of 10°N/S）; two long-term OGCM experiments are performed and compared, one with the TCW forcing part included additionally and the other not. Large, persistent thermal perturbations （cooling in the mixed layer （ML） and warming in the thermocline） are induced locally in the western tropical Pacific, which are seen to spread with the mean ocean circulation pathways around the tropical basin. In particular, a remote ocean response emerges in the eastern equatorial Pacific to the prescribed off-equatorial TCW forcing, characterized by a cooling in the mixed layer and a warming in the thermocline. Heat budget analyses indicate that the vertical mixing is a dominant process responsible for the SST cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Further studies are clearly needed to demonstrate the significance of these results in a coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling context.  相似文献   

福建政和东际金-银矿床的热液蚀变特征及其勘探指示意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢燕 《地质与勘探》2017,53(6):1039-1050

福建东际金-银矿床产于中生代东坑火山岩盆地西缘的流纹质凝灰岩中,矿区及周边火山-沉积岩系遭受了广泛且强度不等的热液蚀变。本文工作采用红外反射光谱技术在东际矿区三个勘探剖面上对钻孔岩心进行系统性高密度采样分析,结果显示蚀变矿物组合及分带的大框架样式主要受原岩成分控制,具体表现为绢云母化趋向于发育于流纹质火山岩中,而绿泥石化则富集在安山质和英安质火山岩中。在更小的矿区局部空间范围内或单一岩性中,热液作用的物化条件作为次级控制因素决定着特定蚀变矿物的成分变化和蚀变类型的强度差异。从层状硅酸盐组合考虑,东际矿区热液蚀变以绢云母化和绿泥石化为最主要类型,而缺失发育良好的蒙脱石带,金-银矿化赋存在以伊利石为主的绢云母化带中,表明成矿环境属于低硫到中硫之间的浅成热液系统。含矿火山岩的热液蚀变组合和强度变化,以及金-银矿化的似层状特点,均指示成矿时流体是沿着南园组凝灰岩层内侧向流动,而蚀变分带细节显示在凝灰岩层中存在着二至三条流体主通道,金-银矿化则赋存在主通道中。流体主通道的热液蚀变标志是富铝绢云母,其与主通道之外的相对贫铝绢云母在红外光谱特征上反差明显。因此,采用红外光谱技术圈定整体热液蚀变系统的空间构型、解译成矿环境的物化条件及变化、并确定绢云母的铝含量变化用以判断成矿流体主通道位置,可以有效地缩小勘探目标和提高找矿工作的预测性。  相似文献   

上海市精细时空尺度人口分布估计与特征分析     

李明晓  陈洁  张恒才  仇培元  刘康  陆锋 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(6):800-807

城市人口实时分布与动态变化特征是城市规划与综合治理的重要依据。受数据获取手段的局限性,准确地获取城市人口的实时分布状况一直是技术瓶颈,而移动通讯技术的迅速普及为这一问题的解决提供了技术途径。本文基于移动通讯信令的连续轨迹数据,实现了城市精细尺度人口分布时空估算的方法流程,并以上海市为研究区,对城市人口分布特征及时空移动过程进行了量化分析。研究表明：① 在数据方面,基于移动通讯信令数据估算城市人口分布的方式样本覆盖广、时空精度高、时效性较强且支持时空尺度灵活多变的应用研究需求,能够定量地描述城市人口分布时空动态特征且能推算城市真实人口规模;② 在人口分布时空特征方面,上海市在全市尺度上,各时段人口空间分布较为稳定且差异较小,而在中心城区日间人口较夜间人口呈现更为显著的空间集聚特征;③ 在人口移动时空特征方面,城市功能承载区与其它区域之间人口移动很少,早晚高峰期各城市功能承载区之间人口移动均体现为中心城区与其它新城之间的移动,且2个方向移动人数较为平衡;各城市功能承载区内均有超过半数的人口全天仅在其所在城区内部活动。本文的研究成果可为上海城市规划、应急管理、交通出行等提供更精准的科学依据。  相似文献   

倾角导向体控制的气烟囱识别技术及其在海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷中的应用     

杨瑞召  李洋  庞海玲  赵争光  文小龙  邵建欣  孙玉凤  李聪聪  王少卿 《现代地质》2013,(1):223-230

在调研了国内外气烟囱研究成果与思路的基础上,通过全新的地震解决方案——OpendTect平台提供的基于属性多层感知器(MLP)的人工神经网络(ANN)的方法预测气烟囱的发生概率体,并利用倾角导向体对算法进行改进,提出倾角控制下的地震气烟囱识别技术,很好地补充并发展了模式识别技术在地震勘探领域的应用。通常该技术一方面可以解释运移通道和浅层气成藏的原因;另一方面,形成的气烟囱地震数据体还可以预测源岩的发育情况;此外,对于判别断层封闭性也非常适用。最后应用这一技术对海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷一含油区块的运移通道和成藏规律进行研究,分析该研究区的断裂发育特征和运移通道类型,总结了油源、通道、储层和盖层的空间配置关系,并建立相应的成藏模式。  相似文献